This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20241013, October 13, 2024), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1438
gforth.info-2: 302151
gforth.info-3: 602387
gforth.info-4: 908150

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1438
Node: Goals16788
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118655
Node: Stability Goals18774
Node: Gforth Environment20463
Node: Invoking Gforth21232
Node: Leaving Gforth36273
Node: Help on Gforth36830
Node: Command-line editing37688
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140290
Node: Environment variables40349
Node: Gforth Files42192
Node: Gforth in pipes43039
Node: Startup speed44896
Node: Tutorial46680
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial48998
Node: Syntax Tutorial49406
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50304
Node: Stack Tutorial51158
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51836
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-152878
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial52959
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54411
Node: Comments Tutorial55953
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157079
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57148
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58286
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58826
Node: Types Tutorial62032
Node: Factoring Tutorial63852
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65024
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67612
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69030
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70403
Node: General Loops Tutorial73110
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75160
Node: Recursion Tutorial76552
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77569
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78294
Node: Memory Tutorial80162
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83051
Node: Alignment Tutorial84618
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85839
Node: Files Tutorial89418
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92685
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95283
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98406
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100276
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103192
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104576
Node: Literal Tutorial106529
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107420
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109810
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111009
Node: Introduction113810
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter115938
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121158
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121242
Node: Your first definition130462
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134016
Node: How does that work?134180
Node: Forth is written in Forth143545
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145292
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145382
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145436
Node: Where to go next147332
Node: Exercises149084
Node: Literals in source code149392
Node: Words156777
Node: Notation157620
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163315
Node: Case insensitivity163409
Node: Comments164114
Node: Boolean Flags165445
Node: Arithmetic166335
Node: Single precision167074
Node: Double precision168302
Node: Mixed precision169765
Node: Integer division170060
Node: Two-stage integer division176628
Node: Bitwise operations182507
Node: Numeric comparison186242
Node: Floating Point188959
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195681
Node: Stack Manipulation195873
Node: Data stack196543
Node: Floating point stack198043
Node: Return stack198927
Node: Locals stack200867
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201161
Node: Memory202431
Node: Memory model202880
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204121
Node: Dictionary allocation204337
Node: Heap Allocation209052
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation210875
Node: Growable memory buffers212198
Node: Memory Access213492
Node: Special Memory Accesses215044
Node: Address arithmetic219596
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1225683
Node: Memory Blocks225729
Node: Strings and Characters227715
Node: Characters228021
Node: String representations229542
Node: String and character literals230857
Node: String words236496
Node: $tring words242851
Node: Counted string words249476
Node: Control Structures251067
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1251776
Node: Selection251889
Node: Simple Loops254844
Node: Counted Loops255575
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1266668
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits266713
Node: General control structures with CASE268743
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1271697
Node: Arbitrary control structures271835
Node: Calls and returns278371
Node: Exception Handling280524
Node: Defining Words292176
Node: CREATE292893
Node: Variables295116
Node: Constants297277
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1300597
Node: Values302151
Node: Varues303563
Node: Colon Definitions304660
Node: Anonymous Definitions307782
Node: Quotations309360
Node: Supplying names310575
Node: User-defined Defining Words311246
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions312014
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1314600
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE314884
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1319803
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2319870
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications320055
Node: CREATE..DOES> details321460
Node: Advanced does> usage example324036
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.328573
Node: User-defined compile-comma334910
Node: Creating from a prototype339765
Node: Making a word current342206
Node: Const-does>343039
Node: Deferred Words344286
Node: Forward348671
Node: Aliases349450
Node: Structures351127
Node: Standard Structures351878
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields357000
Node: Structure Extension363454
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1365203
Node: Gforth structs365271
Node: User-defined Stacks369505
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics371591
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1374675
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2374749
Node: Combined words374974
Ref: state-smartness377802
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1378935
Node: Tokens for Words379150
Node: Execution token379611
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1383443
Node: Name token383772
Node: Compilation token388536
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1390336
Node: Compiling words390561
Node: Literals391279
Node: Macros394527
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1402936
Node: The Text Interpreter403142
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1409337
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2409434
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3409645
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4409803
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5409843
Node: Input Sources409937
Node: Number Conversion412349
Node: Interpret/Compile states415017
Node: Interpreter Directives415902
Node: Recognizers420323
Node: Default Recognizers421172
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers424927
Node: Defining Recognizers432218
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks432389
Node: The Input Stream432936
Node: Word Lists437179
Node: Vocabularies445435
Node: Why use word lists?446682
Node: Word list example449238
Node: Environmental Queries449939
Node: Files458676
Node: Forth source files459240
Node: General files462633
Node: Redirection466893
Node: Directories468935
Node: Search Paths471579
Node: Source Search Paths473493
Node: General Search Paths474431
Node: Blocks476540
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1486622
Node: Other I/O487021
Node: Simple numeric output487750
Node: Formatted numeric output490087
Node: Floating-point output496805
Node: Miscellaneous output501566
Node: Displaying characters and strings504672
Node: Terminal output505377
Node: Single-key input508055
Node: Line input and conversion514847
Node: Pipes518480
Node: Xchars and Unicode519466
Node: i18n and l10n525513
Node: Substitute528825
Node: CSV reading and writing531169
Node: OS command line arguments532406
Node: Locals534671
Node: Gforth locals535414
Node: Locals definition words540391
Node: Where are locals visible by name?544591
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1551792
Node: How long do locals live?551891
Node: Locals programming style552753
Node: Locals implementation555465
Node: Closures562035
Node: Standard Forth locals566651
Node: Object-oriented Forth568209
Node: Why object-oriented programming?568952
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology570315
Node: Objects572174
Node: Properties of the Objects model573319
Node: Basic Objects Usage575110
Node: The Objects base class577519
Node: Creating objects578009
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style578811
Node: Class Binding579807
Node: Method conveniences582061
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1584217
Node: Classes and Scoping584415
Node: Dividing classes585887
Node: Object Interfaces587141
Node: Objects Implementation589157
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1594024
Node: Objects Glossary594102
Node: OOF602387
Node: Properties of the OOF model603074
Node: Basic OOF Usage604130
Node: The OOF base class606440
Node: Class Declaration609963
Node: Mini-OOF611031
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage611522
Node: Mini-OOF Example613126
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation614673
Node: Mini-OOF2618737
Node: Comparison with other object models619998
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1623676
Node: Regular Expressions623834
Node: Programming Tools630409
Node: Locating source code definitions631147
Node: Locating uses of a word634392
Node: Locating exception source636950
Node: Examining compiled code637280
Node: Examining data642957
Node: Forgetting words645307
Node: Debugging646654
Node: Assertions649894
Node: Singlestep Debugger653337
Node: Code Coverage655708
Node: Multitasker658808
Node: Pthreads659433
Node: Basic multi-tasking660233
Node: Task-local data665259
Node: Semaphores667077
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking668445
Node: Message queues669975
Node: Cilk671936
Node: C Interface674010
Node: Calling C Functions675174
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1677690
Node: Declaring C Functions677902
Node: Calling C function pointers681533
Node: Defining library interfaces683099
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries686107
Node: Callbacks688321
Node: C interface internals690030
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words691374
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG692111
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth694480
Node: Assembler and Code Words695170
Node: Assembler Definitions695861
Node: Common Assembler703103
Node: Common Disassembler705801
Node: 386 Assembler707496
Node: AMD64 Assembler711947
Node: Alpha Assembler719102
Node: MIPS assembler720067
Node: PowerPC assembler723492
Node: ARM Assembler724504
Node: Other assemblers729443
Node: Carnal words730745
Node: Header fields731139
Node: Header methods734171
Node: Threading Words740571
Node: Passing Commands to the OS746454
Node: Keeping track of Time748112
Node: Miscellaneous Words749523
Node: Error messages750121
Node: Tools753356
Node: Standard Report753660
Node: Stack depth changes755559
Node: Standard conformance757537
Node: The Core Words760441
Node: core-idef760801
Node: core-ambcond769192
Node: core-other778782
Node: The optional Block word set780109
Node: block-idef780510
Node: block-ambcond780938
Node: block-other781886
Node: The optional Double Number word set782247
Node: double-ambcond782559
Node: The optional Exception word set782833
Node: exception-idef783150
Node: The optional Facility word set783884
Node: facility-idef784250
Node: facility-ambcond785429
Node: The optional File-Access word set785830
Node: file-idef786207
Node: file-ambcond788594
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set789905
Node: floating-idef790286
Node: floating-ambcond791430
Node: The optional Locals word set794601
Node: locals-idef794972
Node: locals-ambcond795515
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set796018
Node: memory-idef796361
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set796826
Node: programming-idef797230
Node: programming-ambcond798162
Node: The optional Search-Order word set799497
Node: search-idef799843
Node: search-ambcond800221
Node: Standard vs Extensions800987
Node: Model804334
Node: Integrating Gforth804566
Node: Emacs and Gforth808199
Node: Installing gforth.el810095
Node: Emacs Tags810882
Node: Hilighting811791
Node: Auto-Indentation813663
Node: Blocks Files815080
Node: Image Files816472
Node: Image Licensing Issues817261
Node: Image File Background818451
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1822743
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files822859
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files823850
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files824759
Node: gforthmi825633
Node: cross.fs828363
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes829073
Node: Running Image Files830163
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1833104
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence833475
Node: Engine836127
Node: Portability836872
Node: Threading839551
Node: Scheduling840790
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?842592
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions845449
Node: DOES>850232
Node: Primitives851338
Node: Automatic Generation851536
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1855043
Node: TOS Optimization855214
Node: Produced code857915
Node: Performance858334
Node: Cross Compiler863736
Node: Using the Cross Compiler864251
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works868896
Node: MINOS2869077
Node: MINOS2 object framework869268
Node: actor methods869763
Node: widget methods871528
Node: MINOS2 tutorial878187
Node: Bugs879044
Node: Origin880091
Node: Forth-related information883247
Node: Licenses883845
Node: GNU Free Documentation License884131
Node: Copying908150
Node: Word Index945905
Node: Concept Index1110295

End Tag Table


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