This is gforth.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.0.3 from
gforth.texi.

This manual is for Gforth (version 0.7.9_20241106, November 06, 2024), a
fast and portable implementation of the Standard Forth language.  It
serves as reference manual, but it also contains an introduction to
Forth and a Forth tutorial.

   Authors: Bernd Paysan, Anton Ertl, Gerald Wodni, Neal Crook, David
Kuehling, Jend Wilke Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003,
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
     being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License.”

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the
     Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gforth: (gforth).             A fast interpreter for the Forth language.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gforth.info-1: 1439
gforth.info-2: 302326
gforth.info-3: 602474
gforth.info-4: 907291

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top1439
Node: Goals16790
Ref: Goals-Footnote-118657
Node: Stability Goals18776
Node: Gforth Environment20465
Node: Invoking Gforth21234
Node: Leaving Gforth36275
Node: Help on Gforth36832
Node: Command-line editing37690
Ref: Command-line editing-Footnote-140292
Node: Environment variables40351
Node: Gforth Files42194
Node: Gforth in pipes43041
Node: Startup speed44898
Node: Tutorial46682
Node: Starting Gforth Tutorial49000
Node: Syntax Tutorial49408
Node: Crash Course Tutorial50306
Node: Stack Tutorial51160
Node: Arithmetics Tutorial51838
Ref: Arithmetics Tutorial-Footnote-152880
Node: Stack Manipulation Tutorial52961
Node: Using files for Forth code Tutorial54413
Node: Comments Tutorial55955
Ref: Comments Tutorial-Footnote-157081
Node: Colon Definitions Tutorial57150
Node: Decompilation Tutorial58288
Node: Stack-Effect Comments Tutorial58828
Node: Types Tutorial62034
Node: Factoring Tutorial63854
Node: Designing the stack effect Tutorial65026
Node: Local Variables Tutorial67614
Node: Conditional execution Tutorial69032
Node: Flags and Comparisons Tutorial70405
Node: General Loops Tutorial73112
Node: Counted loops Tutorial75162
Node: Recursion Tutorial76554
Node: Leaving definitions or loops Tutorial77571
Node: Return Stack Tutorial78296
Node: Memory Tutorial80164
Node: Characters and Strings Tutorial83053
Node: Alignment Tutorial84620
Node: Floating Point Tutorial85841
Node: Files Tutorial89420
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics and Immediacy Tutorial92687
Node: Execution Tokens Tutorial95285
Node: Exceptions Tutorial98408
Node: Defining Words Tutorial100278
Node: Arrays and Records Tutorial103194
Node: POSTPONE Tutorial104578
Node: Literal Tutorial106531
Node: Advanced macros Tutorial107422
Node: Compilation Tokens Tutorial109812
Node: Wordlists and Search Order Tutorial111011
Node: Introduction113812
Node: Introducing the Text Interpreter115940
Ref: Introducing the Text Interpreter-Footnote-1121160
Node: Stacks and Postfix notation121244
Node: Your first definition130464
Ref: Your first definition-Footnote-1134018
Node: How does that work?134182
Node: Forth is written in Forth143547
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-1145294
Ref: Forth is written in Forth-Footnote-2145384
Node: Review - elements of a Forth system145438
Node: Where to go next147334
Node: Exercises149086
Node: Literals in source code149394
Node: Words156779
Node: Notation157622
Ref: Notation-Footnote-1163317
Node: Case insensitivity163411
Node: Comments164116
Node: Boolean Flags165447
Node: Arithmetic166337
Node: Single precision167076
Node: Double precision168304
Node: Mixed precision169767
Node: Integer division170062
Node: Two-stage integer division176630
Node: Bitwise operations182509
Node: Numeric comparison186244
Node: Floating Point188961
Ref: Floating Point-Footnote-1195683
Node: Stack Manipulation195875
Node: Data stack196545
Node: Floating point stack198052
Node: Return stack198936
Node: Locals stack200876
Node: Stack pointer manipulation201170
Node: Memory202440
Node: Memory model202889
Ref: Memory model-Footnote-1204130
Node: Dictionary allocation204346
Node: Heap Allocation209061
Node: Memory blocks and heap allocation210884
Node: Growable memory buffers212207
Node: Memory Access213501
Node: Special Memory Accesses215053
Node: Address arithmetic219605
Ref: Address arithmetic-Footnote-1225692
Node: Memory Blocks225738
Node: Strings and Characters227724
Node: Characters228030
Node: String representations229551
Node: String and character literals230866
Node: String words236505
Node: $tring words242860
Node: Counted string words249485
Node: Control Structures251076
Ref: Control Structures-Footnote-1251785
Node: Selection251898
Node: Simple Loops254853
Node: Counted Loops255584
Ref: Counted Loops-Footnote-1266677
Node: BEGIN loops with multiple exits266722
Node: General control structures with CASE268752
Ref: General control structures with CASE-Footnote-1271706
Node: Arbitrary control structures271844
Node: Calls and returns278380
Node: Exception Handling280533
Node: Defining Words292350
Node: CREATE293067
Node: Variables295290
Node: Constants297451
Ref: Constants-Footnote-1300771
Node: Values302326
Node: Varues303738
Node: Colon Definitions304835
Node: Anonymous Definitions307957
Node: Quotations309535
Node: Supplying names310750
Node: User-defined Defining Words311421
Node: User-defined defining words with colon definitions312189
Ref: User-defined defining words with colon definitions-Footnote-1314775
Node: User-defined defining words using CREATE315059
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-1319978
Ref: User-defined defining words using CREATE-Footnote-2320045
Node: CREATE..DOES> applications320230
Node: CREATE..DOES> details321635
Node: Advanced does> usage example324211
Node: Words with user-defined TO etc.328748
Node: User-defined compile-comma335085
Node: Creating from a prototype339940
Node: Making a word current342381
Node: Const-does>343214
Node: Deferred Words344461
Node: Forward348846
Node: Aliases349625
Node: Structures351302
Node: Standard Structures352053
Node: Varue-Flavoured and Defer-Flavoured Fields357175
Node: Structure Extension363629
Ref: Structure Extension-Footnote-1365378
Node: Gforth structs365446
Node: User-defined Stacks369680
Node: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics371766
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-1374850
Ref: Interpretation and Compilation Semantics-Footnote-2374924
Node: Combined words375149
Ref: state-smartness377977
Ref: Combined words-Footnote-1379110
Node: Tokens for Words379325
Node: Execution token379786
Ref: Execution token-Footnote-1383618
Node: Name token383947
Node: Compilation token388711
Ref: Compilation token-Footnote-1390511
Node: Compiling words390736
Node: Literals391454
Node: Macros394702
Ref: Macros-Footnote-1403111
Node: The Text Interpreter403317
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-1409512
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-2409609
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-3409820
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-4409978
Ref: The Text Interpreter-Footnote-5410018
Node: Input Sources410112
Node: Number Conversion412524
Node: Interpret/Compile states415192
Node: Interpreter Directives416077
Node: Recognizers420498
Node: Default Recognizers421347
Node: Dealing with existing Recognizers425102
Node: Defining Recognizers432393
Node: Text Interpreter Hooks432564
Node: The Input Stream433111
Node: Word Lists437354
Node: Vocabularies445610
Node: Why use word lists?446857
Node: Word list example449413
Node: Environmental Queries450114
Node: Files458851
Node: Forth source files459415
Node: General files462808
Node: Redirection467068
Node: Directories469110
Node: Search Paths471754
Node: Source Search Paths473668
Node: General Search Paths474606
Node: Blocks476715
Ref: Blocks-Footnote-1486797
Node: Other I/O487196
Node: Simple numeric output487925
Node: Formatted numeric output490262
Node: Floating-point output496980
Node: Miscellaneous output501741
Node: Displaying characters and strings504847
Node: Terminal output505552
Node: Single-key input508230
Node: Line input and conversion515022
Node: Pipes518655
Node: Xchars and Unicode519641
Node: i18n and l10n525688
Node: Substitute529000
Node: CSV reading and writing531344
Node: OS command line arguments532581
Node: Locals534846
Node: Gforth locals535589
Node: Locals definition words540566
Node: Where are locals visible by name?544686
Ref: Where are locals visible by name?-Footnote-1551887
Node: How long do locals live?551986
Node: Locals programming style552848
Node: Locals implementation555560
Node: Closures562130
Node: Standard Forth locals566737
Node: Object-oriented Forth568295
Node: Why object-oriented programming?569038
Node: Object-Oriented Terminology570401
Node: Objects572260
Node: Properties of the Objects model573405
Node: Basic Objects Usage575196
Node: The Objects base class577605
Node: Creating objects578095
Node: Object-Oriented Programming Style578897
Node: Class Binding579893
Node: Method conveniences582147
Ref: Method conveniences-Footnote-1584303
Node: Classes and Scoping584501
Node: Dividing classes585973
Node: Object Interfaces587227
Node: Objects Implementation589243
Ref: Objects Implementation-Footnote-1594110
Node: Objects Glossary594188
Node: OOF602474
Node: Properties of the OOF model603161
Node: Basic OOF Usage604217
Node: The OOF base class606527
Node: Class Declaration610050
Node: Mini-OOF611118
Node: Basic Mini-OOF Usage611609
Node: Mini-OOF Example613213
Node: Mini-OOF Implementation614760
Node: Mini-OOF2618824
Node: Comparison with other object models620085
Ref: Comparison with other object models-Footnote-1623763
Node: Regular Expressions623921
Node: Programming Tools630496
Node: Locating source code definitions631234
Node: Locating uses of a word634479
Node: Locating exception source637037
Node: Examining compiled code637367
Node: Examining data643044
Node: Forgetting words645394
Node: Debugging646741
Node: Assertions649981
Node: Singlestep Debugger653424
Node: Code Coverage655795
Node: Multitasker658895
Node: Pthreads659520
Node: Basic multi-tasking660320
Node: Task-local data665283
Node: Semaphores667101
Node: Hardware operations for multi-tasking668469
Node: Message queues669999
Node: Cilk671960
Node: C Interface674034
Node: Calling C Functions675198
Ref: Calling C Functions-Footnote-1677714
Node: Declaring C Functions677926
Node: Calling C function pointers681557
Node: Defining library interfaces683123
Node: Declaring OS-level libraries686131
Node: Callbacks688345
Node: C interface internals690054
Node: Low-Level C Interface Words691398
Node: Automated interface generation using SWIG692135
Node: Migrating the C interface from earlier Gforth694504
Node: Assembler and Code Words695194
Node: Assembler Definitions695885
Node: Common Assembler703127
Node: Common Disassembler705825
Node: 386 Assembler707520
Node: AMD64 Assembler711971
Node: Alpha Assembler719126
Node: MIPS assembler720091
Node: PowerPC assembler723516
Node: ARM Assembler724528
Node: Other assemblers729467
Node: Carnal words730769
Node: Header fields731163
Node: Header methods734195
Node: Threading Words740595
Node: Passing Commands to the OS745646
Node: Keeping track of Time747304
Node: Miscellaneous Words748715
Node: Error messages749313
Node: Tools752548
Node: Standard Report752852
Node: Stack depth changes754751
Node: Standard conformance756729
Node: The Core Words759633
Node: core-idef759993
Node: core-ambcond768384
Node: core-other777974
Node: The optional Block word set779301
Node: block-idef779702
Node: block-ambcond780130
Node: block-other781078
Node: The optional Double Number word set781439
Node: double-ambcond781751
Node: The optional Exception word set782025
Node: exception-idef782342
Node: The optional Facility word set783076
Node: facility-idef783442
Node: facility-ambcond784621
Node: The optional File-Access word set785022
Node: file-idef785399
Node: file-ambcond787786
Node: The optional Floating-Point word set789097
Node: floating-idef789478
Node: floating-ambcond790622
Node: The optional Locals word set793793
Node: locals-idef794164
Node: locals-ambcond794707
Node: The optional Memory-Allocation word set795210
Node: memory-idef795553
Node: The optional Programming-Tools word set796018
Node: programming-idef796422
Node: programming-ambcond797354
Node: The optional Search-Order word set798689
Node: search-idef799035
Node: search-ambcond799413
Node: Standard vs Extensions800179
Node: Model803526
Node: Integrating Gforth803758
Node: Emacs and Gforth807391
Node: Installing gforth.el809287
Node: Emacs Tags810074
Node: Hilighting810983
Node: Auto-Indentation812855
Node: Blocks Files814272
Node: Image Files815664
Node: Image Licensing Issues816453
Node: Image File Background817643
Ref: Image File Background-Footnote-1821935
Node: Non-Relocatable Image Files822051
Node: Data-Relocatable Image Files823042
Node: Fully Relocatable Image Files823951
Node: gforthmi824825
Node: cross.fs827555
Node: Stack and Dictionary Sizes828265
Node: Running Image Files829355
Ref: Running Image Files-Footnote-1832296
Node: Modifying the Startup Sequence832667
Node: Engine835267
Node: Portability836012
Node: Threading838691
Node: Scheduling839930
Node: Direct or Indirect Threaded?841732
Node: Dynamic Superinstructions844589
Node: DOES>849372
Node: Primitives850478
Node: Automatic Generation850676
Ref: Automatic Generation-Footnote-1854183
Node: TOS Optimization854354
Node: Produced code857055
Node: Performance857474
Node: Cross Compiler862876
Node: Using the Cross Compiler863391
Node: How the Cross Compiler Works868036
Node: MINOS2868217
Node: MINOS2 object framework868408
Node: actor methods868903
Node: widget methods870668
Node: MINOS2 tutorial877327
Node: Bugs878184
Node: Origin879231
Node: Forth-related information882387
Node: Licenses882985
Node: GNU Free Documentation License883271
Node: Copying907291
Node: Word Index945046
Node: Concept Index1108788

End Tag Table


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